Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna
- CJAI #24
- September 1, 2013
S.M. Paiero1*
,
S.A. Marshall1
,
J.E. McPherson2
,
M.-S. Ma1
1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
2Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901
*Corresponding Author
Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna
Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna
- CJAI #24
- September 1, 2013
S.M. Paiero1*
,
S.A. Marshall1
,
J.E. McPherson2
,
M.-S. Ma1
1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1
2Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901
*Corresponding Author
Abstract
The Ontario stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) are reviewed. Illustrated dichotomous keys are provided to the families of Canadian Pentatomoidea and the 56 species of Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae occurring in, or likely to occur in, Ontario. One species, Trichopepla atricornis Stål, is recorded from Ontario for the first time.
Banasa dimidiata - Photo by S.A. Marshall
Introduction
The recent arrival of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug [Halyomorpha halys (Stål)] in eastern North America (Hoebeke & Carter 2003) has highlighted the need for an updated and user-friendly key to the Pentatomidae to facilitate swift and reliable identification of this serious new pest in threatened areas of the northeast. The province of Ontario, one such threatened area, is home to dozens of superficially similar pentatomoid bugs, most of which can be identified to species using keys to the northeastern North American Pentatomidae by McPherson (1982). Those keys, while functional, are illustrated only with simple black and white line drawings of specific characters and emphasize technical characters that require microscopic examination. The purpose of the current project is to provide an updated key, taking advantage of a digital format to make extensive use of colour photographs that render the keys more reliable and user-friendly. Two key formats, a simplified key and a complete key, are provided. The simplified key allows rapid identification of species using characters visible with a hand lens or on photographs of the dorsum and venter of the bug taken with a good camera. Although it will work for the great majority of routinely encountered stink bugs, some unusual colour variants and uncommon species could be misidentified using the simplified key. The second key is a complete key requiring the examination of more technical characters, many of which are only visible with a microscope. This complete key, an updated version of McPherson’s (1982) key, should allow for confident determination of all species in our region.
Although the main incentive for developing these keys was to render one newly introduced pest unequivocally identifiable, they also cover all Ontario Pentatomidae and the superficially similar Acanthosomatidae. These families include several species of potential conservation concern, several beneficial predaceous species, and many phytophagous species. Good pentatomoid keys are needed for students and workers in a variety of disciplines including biological control, pest management, and biodiversity studies. Recent faunal studies for other regions in North America include the following: Washington (Zack et al. 2012), North Dakota (Rider 2012), Michigan (Swanson 2012), Illinois (McPherson 1982), Kansas (Packauskas 2012), and Missouri (Sites et al. 2012).
The keys presented here include 56 species, 53 of which belong to the family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) and three of which are in the family Acanthosomatidae (parent bugs). Of these 56 species, 50 are currently known from Ontario, and the remaining six are northeastern species that could occur in Ontario. Of those species known from Ontario, three were first recorded from the province in the last decade (Paiero et al. 2003, Fogain and Graff 2011) and one (Trichopepla atricornis Stål) is recorded here from Ontario for the first time. An additional species, Amaurochrous ovalis Barber & Sailer, was erroneously recorded in Canada by Paiero et al. (2003) based on misidentified material of A. cinctipes. Thyanta custator (Fabricius), now treated as the subspecies T. custator custator (Fabricius), is not included because its occurrence in Canada is suspect. Rider and Chapin’s (1992) revision of Thyanta treated T. custator custator as a southeastern coastal plain species, and we have seen no material from Ontario that would indicate otherwise. Other recent nomenclatural changes include the following: Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas) is now treated as C. lintneriana Kirkaldy (McDonald 1986), Holcostethus piceus (Dallas) as H. macdonaldi Rider & Rolston (Rider & Rolston 1995), and Hymenarcys aequalis (Say) as Mcphersonarcys aequalis (Say) (Thomas 2012). Apateticus bracteatus (Fitch) and A. cynicus (Say) are now in the genus Apoecilus (Thomas 1992). Acrosternum hilare (Say) and A. pensylvanica (Gmelin) are in the genus Chinavia (e.g., Rider 2012). The updated checklist of Ontario stink bugs given here reflects the tribal placements given in Rider (2012) and Thomas and Brailovsky (1999).
The distributions summarized in the species pages are based on McPherson (1982), Froeschner (1988), and Maw et al. (2000), with the addition of recent records (Paiero et al. 2003, Fogain and Graff 2011).
Morphology
Checklist
*Slide #3*
Species Key
Acknowledgments
All live photos were taken by Stephen Marshall with the exception of the Hymenarcys nervosa photo, which is by Scott Justis (bugguide.net contributor), and Amaurochrous cinctipes, which is by Tom Murray (bugguide.net contributor). All specimen photos were taken by Man-San Ma and Steven Paiero, with the exceptions of Amaurochrous brevitylus taken by Michael Schwartz (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, ON) and Mcphersonarcys aequalis taken by Robert W. Sites (Enns Entomology Museum, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO); the latter photo was reproduced from the 2012 cover of The Great Lakes Entomologist 45 ( 3 & 4) with permission of Therese M. Poland (editor). The photo of the wing venation associated with the habitus photo of M. aequalis also was taken by R. W. Sites. The authors thank these individuals for allowing us to use their images.
We are particularly grateful to Tom J. Henry (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC) and David A. Rider (Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND) who provided thorough and insightful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript.
Man-San Ma was partially supported through the OMAFRA Undergraduate Summer Experiential Learning program, with OMAFRA supervisors Hannah Fraser, Jennifer Llewellyn, Joanne Handley and Denise Beaton.
References
Fogain, R., and S. Graff. 2011. First records of the invasive pest, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in Ontario and Quebec. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 142: 45-48.
Froeschner, R.C. 1988. Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1815. The stink bugs. Pp. 544-597 in T. J. Henry and R. C. Froeschner [eds.], Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E.J. Brill, New York. 958 pp.
Henry, T.J., and R.C. Froeschner. 1992. Corrections and additions to the “Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States”. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 94: 263-272.
Hoebeke, E.R., and M.E. Carter. 2003. Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): A polyphagous plant pest from Asia newly detected in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105: 225-237.
Hoffman, R.L. 2005. The Virginia species of Banasa, three decades later (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Banisteria, 25: 41-44.
Jones, W.A., Jr., and J.E. McPherson. 1980. The first report of the occurrence of acanthosomatids in South Carolina. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 15: 286-289.
Larivière, M.-C. 1992. Description of Parabrochymena, new genus, and redefinition and review of Brochymena Amyot and Audinet-Serville (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), with considerations on natural history, chorological affinities, and evolutionary relationships. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, no. 163. 75 pp.
McDonald, F.J.D. 1986. Revision of Cosmopepla Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 94: 1-15.
Maw, H.E.L., R.G. Foottit, K.G.A. Hamilton, and G.G.E. Scudder. 2000. Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press. 220 pp.
McPherson, J.E. 1982. The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of northeastern North America, with emphasis on the fauna of Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press. 240 pp.
Nichols, S. W., and R. T. Schuh. 1989. The Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology (Revised Edition). New York Entomological Society & American Museum of Natural History. 840 pp.
Nielsen, A.L., and G.C. Hamilton. 2009. Life history of the invasive species Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in northeastern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 102: 608-616.
Packauskas, R. 2012. The Pentatomidae, or stink bugs, of Kansas with a key to species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 210-219.
Paiero, S.M., S. A. Marshall and K.G.A. Hamilton. 2003. New records of Hemiptera from Canada and Ontario. Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 134 (published 2004): 115-129.
Rider, D.A. 2012. The Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of North Dakota I: Pentatomomorpha: Pentatomoidea. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 312-380.
Rider, D.A., and J.B. Chapin. 1992. Revision of the Genus Thyanta Stål, 1862 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) II. North America, Central America and the West Indies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100: 42-98.
Rider, D.A., and L.H. Rolston. 1995. Nomenclatural changes in the Pentatomidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97: 845-855.
Scudder, G.G.E. 1997. The true bugs (Heteroptera) of the Yukon. Pp. 241–336 in H.V. Danks and J.A. Downes (eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa. 1034 pp.
Sites, R. W., K. B. Simpson, and D. L. Wood. 2012. The stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Missouri. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 134-163.
Swanson, D. R. 2012. An updated synopsis of the Pentatomoidea (Heteroptera) of Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 263-311.
Thomas, D. B., Jr. 1992. Taxonomic synopsis of the asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Thomas Say Foundation Monograph. iv +156 pp.
Thomas, D.B. 2012. Mcphersonarcys, a new genus for Pentatoma aequalis Say (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 127-133.
Thomas, D.B., and Brailovsky, H. 1999. Review of the genus Dendrocoris Bergroth with descriptions of new species (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera). Insecta Mundi, 13: 1-9.
Zack, R. S., P. J. Landolt, and J. E. Munyaneza. 2012. The stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Washington state. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 45: 251-262.
Cite
Paiero, S.M., Marshall, S.A., McPherson, J.E., Ma, M.-S. 2013. Stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and parent bugs (Acanthosomatidae) of Ontario and adjacent areas: A key to species and a review of the fauna. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 24, 1 September, 2013. Available online at doi: 10.3752/cjai.2013.24
