| Supplementary Data |
Ips hoppingi
Ips hoppingi, male frons
Ips hoppingi, female frons
Ips hoppingi, elytral disc
Ips hoppingi, male declivity
Ips hoppingi, female declivity
Ips hoppingi, male lateral habitus
Scientific Name
Ips hoppingi Lanier, 1970
Diagnostic notes
-Has five spines on the elytral declivity, body length is less than 4.5 mm, and the frons is moderately to densely tuberculate, the first declivital spine is closer to the second declivital spine than to the suture.
-Third declivital spine acute or subacute in males, and obtuse in females. Males with frons central tubercle present, absent in females.
-Some specimens best distinguished from I. paraconfusus and I. confusus by characters of the female pars stridens (Lanier 1970b) or DNA (Cognato and Sun 2007).
-May be sympatric with I. confusus in Arizona.
Morphological Summary
females
Body. 3.5-4.2(-4.8) mm long, 2.5-2.7 times longer than wide; pronotum 1.1-1.2 times longer than wide.
Head. Epistomal margin with uniseriate row of tubercles with gap at midline. Frons outline convex in lateral view; vestiture fine (not hiding part of integument); surface sculpture near epistoma densely tuberculate-punctate or with isolated tubercles; central carina absent; central tubercle absent, without pair of circular tubercles on either side of midline; transverse carina absent; frons central fovea present; circular tubercles above top of eyes present - more than one third of all frontal tubercles. Vertex and pronotum with stridulatory apparatus (pars stridens). Antennal club sutures acutely angulate.
Prothorax. Protibiae with four socketed teeth on apical half (does not include apical spine).
Elytra. Interstriae punctate (observed on interstriae 2 and 3 on middle third of elytral disc), punctures (0.6-)0.7(-0.8) times diameter of adjacent strial punctures (punctures and striae measured at steepest part of puncture wall), interstrial setae shorter than width of scutellar shield or longer than width of scutellar shield, interstriae 3-5 times as wide as adjacent striae. Elytral declivity with five spines per side, spine 3 largest; spine 1 (largest on 2nd interstria) closer to spine 2 than suture; spines 1 and 2 separated at base by distance less or greater than height of spine 1; spine 2 closer to spine 1 than spine 3; spine 3 hooked, apex obtuse to rounded, with apical half asymmetrical in lateral view; spines 2 and 3 not on shared tumescence, not in line with spines 1 and 4 (posterodorsal view); spine 4 closer to spine 3 than spine 5 or 5 than spine 3; declivital integument shiny.
males
Body. 3.5-4.2(-4.8) mm long, 2.5-2.7 times longer than wide; pronotum 1.1-1.2 times longer than wide.
Head. Epistomal margin with uniseriate row of tubercles with gap at midline. Frons outline convex in lateral view; vestiture fine (not hiding part of integument); surface sculpture near epistoma densely tuberculate-punctate; central carina absent; central tubercle present and single, separated from base of epistomal setae by 0-0.5 tubercle diameters, without pair of circular tubercles on either side of midline; transverse carina absent or present; frons central fovea absent; circular tubercles above top of eyes present - more than one third of all frontal tubercles. Vertex and pronotum without stridulatory apparatus (pars stridens). Antennal club sutures acutely angulate.
Prothorax. Protibiae with three socketed teeth on apical half (does not include apical spine).
Elytra. Interstriae punctate (observed on interstriae 2 and 3 on middle third of elytral disc), punctures (0.6-)0.7(-0.8) times diameter of adjacent strial punctures (punctures and striae measured at steepest part of puncture wall), interstrial setae shorter than width of scutellar shield or longer than width of scutellar shield, interstriae 3-5 times as wide as adjacent striae. Elytral declivity with five spines per side, spine 3 largest; spine 1 (largest on 2nd interstria) closer to spine 2 than suture; spines 1 and 2 separated at base by distance less or greater than height of spine 1; spine 2 closer to spine 1 than spine 3; spine 3 hooked, apex acute or right-angled, with apical half asymmetrical in lateral view; spines 2 and 3 not on shared tumescence, not in line with spines 1 and 4 (posterodorsal view); spine 4 closer to spine 5 than spine 3; declivital integument shiny.
Geographic Distribution
Mexico (Chihuahua, Hidalgo); USA (Arizona, Texas).
Hosts
Pinus spp. Pinyon pines including Pinus cembroides and P. discolor.
Notes
Clade formed by (((I. confusus + I. hoppingi) + I. paraconfusus) + I. montanus), see Cognato and Sun (2007).
References
Cognato, A.I.2015. Biology, systematics, and evolution of Ips. In Bark beetles: biology and ecology of native and invasive species. Edited by F.E. Vega and R.W. Hofstetter. Elsevier, San Diego, California. Pp. 351–370.
Cognato, A.I. and Sun, J.H. 2007. DNA based cladograms augment the discovery of a new Ips species from China (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Cladistics, 23: 539–551.
Lanier, G.N. 1970. Biosystematics of North American Ips (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Hopping's group IX. The Canadian Entomologist,102: 1139–1163.
Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6: 1–1359.
Internet resources
https://www.barkbeetles.info/regional_chklist_target_species.php?lookUp=1710
