| Supplementary Data |
Ips tridens engelmanni
Ips tridens engelmanni, female frons
Ips tridens engelmanni, female frons (non-setose)
Ips tridens engelmanni, female frons
Ips tridens engelmanni, female head, lateral
Ips tridens engelmanni, female head, lateral (short setae)
Ips tridens engelmanni, male head, lateral
Ips tridens engelmanni, female declivity
Ips tridens engelmanni, male declivity
Ips tridens engelmanni, female lateral habitus
Ips tridens engelmanni, male lateral habitus
Scientific Name
Ips tridens engelmanni Swaine, 1917
Synonyms
Ips engelmanni Swaine, 1917
Ips dubius Swaine, 1918
Ips yohoensis Swaine, 1918
Ips amiskwiensis Hopping, 1963
Ips semirostris Hopping, 1963
Diagnostic notes
Species:
-Has four spines on the elytral declivity and general appearance is similar to I. borealis.
-Potentially sympatric with related species I. pilifrons, I. borealis, I. perturbatus and morphologically similar species I. pini.
-Differs from the related species by the coarse, irregular punctures on the upper frons and small, shallow strial punctures, and from I. perturbatus and I. pini by uniseriately punctured discal interstriae.
Subspecies:
-Diagsnosable by female only. Female frons elevated from epistoma to uper level of eyes, setae of frons absent, to sparse, to with pile-like patches (Wood 1982).
Morphological Summary
females
Body. 3.3-4.3(-4.8) mm long, 2.5-2.8 times longer than wide; pronotum 1.0-1.2 times longer than wide.
Head. Epistomal margin with uniseriate row of tubercles uninterrupted medially; absent; or present with gap at midline. Frons outline protruding in lateral view; vestiture fine (not hiding part of integument) or coarse and dense (hiding part of integument); surface sculpture near epistoma densely tuberculate-punctate; central carina absent; central tubercle absent, without pair of circular tubercles on either side of midline; transverse carina absent or present; frons central fovea absent; circular tubercles above top of eyes absent or present - up to one third of all tubercles. Vertex and pronotum without stridulatory apparatus (pars stridens). Antennal club sutures acutely angulate or bisinuate.
Prothorax. Protibiae with three, four or five socketed teeth on apical half (does not include apical spine).
Elytra. Interstriae punctate (observed on interstriae 2 and 3 on middle third of elytral disc), interstrial punctures (0.3-)0.4(-0.5) times diameter of adjacent strial punctures (punctures and striae measured at steepest part of puncture wall), interstrial setae longer than width of scutellar shield, interstriae 3-5 times as wide as adjacent striae (punctures and striae measured from steepest part of puncture wall(s)). Elytral declivity with four spines per side, spine 3 largest; spine 1 (largest on 2nd interstria) closer to suture than to spine 2; bases of spines 1 and 2 separated by distance greater than height of spine 1; spine 3 nearly parallel-sided with tapered apex or petiolate (capitate), with apical half symmetrical in lateral view, apex obtuse to rounded; spines 2 and 3 on shared tumescence, in or not in line with spines 1 and 4 (posterodorsal view); declivital integument mat or shiny.
males
Body. 3.3-4.3(-4.8) mm long, 2.4-2.8 times longer than wide; pronotum 1.0-1.2 times longer than wide.
Head. Epistomal margin with uniseriate row of tubercles uninterrupted medially or with gap at midline. Frons outline convex in lateral view; vestiture fine (not hiding part of integument); surface sculpture near epistoma densely tuberculate-punctate or with isolated tubercles; central carina absent; central tubercle absent; transverse carina absent; frons central fovea present or absent; circular tubercles above top of eyes present - up to, or more than one third of all tubercles. Vertex and pronotum without stridulatory apparatus (pars stridens). Antennal club sutures bisinuate.
Prothorax. Protibiae with three or four socketed teeth on apical half (does not include apical spine).
Elytra. Interstriae punctate (observed on interstriae 2 and 3 on middle third of elytral disc), punctures 0.3-0.4(-0.5) times diameter of adjacent strial punctures (punctures and striae measured at steepest part of puncture wall), interstrial setae longer than width of scutellar shield, interstriae 3-5 times as wide as adjacent striae. Elytral declivity with four spines per side, spine 3 largest; spine 1 (largest on 2nd interstria) closer to suture than spine 2; spines 1 and 2 separated at base by distance greater than height of spine 1; spine 2 closer to spine 3 than spine 1; spine 3 pedunculate (capitate), apex acute, right-angled or obtuse to rounded, with apical half symmetrical in lateral view; spines 2 and 3 on shared tumescence, in or not in line with spines 1 and 4 (posterodorsal view); declivital integument mat or shiny.
Geographic Distribution
Species: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon); USA (Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming).
Subspecies: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon); USA (Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming).
Hosts
Picea spp.
Notes
I. borealis, I. pilifrons, and I. tridens form clade (Cognato and Sun 2007).
References
Cognato, A.I.2015. Biology, systematics, and evolution of Ips. In Bark beetles: biology and ecology of native and invasive species. Edited by F.E. Vega and R.W. Hofstetter. Elsevier, San Diego, California. Pp. 351–370.
Cognato, A.I. and Sun, J.H. 2007. DNA based cladograms augment the discovery of a new Ips species from China (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Cladistics, 23: 539–551.
Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6: 1–1359.
Internet resources
https://www.barkbeetles.info/regional_chklist_target_species.php?lookUp=1732
