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- Antennal base separated by a distance less than that between the eye and antennal base [photo]
- Mandibles (when closed) directed forward and blade-like [photo]
- With a pair of plates anterior to the prosternum [photo]
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- Antennal base separated by a distance greater than that between eye and antennal base [photo]
- Mandibles (when closed) not directed forward [photo]
- Without a pair of plates anterior to the prosternum [photo]
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