| 1. |
A) |
Minimum distance (at top of eye) between eyes 0.7-1.2 times as long as maximum height of eye (Fig. B1.1). |
|
| B) |
Distance between inner edges of antennal sockets 3.5-10.0 times as long as distance from outer edge of antennal socket to nearest edge of eye (Fig. B1.3). |
| C) |
Flagellomeres flattened dorsoventrally (Fig. B1.5). |
| |
[Additional character. Eye narrow: 1.7-1.9 times as high as long except in male of Teredon cubensis with a long eye (1.3 times as high as long) causing a very narrow gena.] |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 2 |
| – |
a) |
Minimum distance (at top of eye) between eyes 1.2-1.6 times as long as maximum height of eye (Fig. 1.2). |
|
| b) |
Distance between inner edges of antennal sockets 1.5-2.5 times as long as distance from outer edge of antennal socket to nearest edge of eye (Fig. B1.4). |
| c) |
Flagellomeres circular or almost circular in cross section (Fig. B1.6). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 6 |
 |
| 2(1). |
A) |
Fore wing vein 2r–m present (Fig. B1.7). |
|
| B) |
Fore wing vein 1cu–a not aligned with vein M, but joining vein Cu near middle or in basal 0,25 between veins 1m–cu and M (Fig. B1.9). |
| C) |
Hind wing with hamuli present basal and apical to junction of veins R1 and C (as in Fig. B1.11). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 3 |
| – |
a) |
Fore wing vein 2r–m absent (Fig. B1.8). |
|
| b) |
Fore wing vein 1cu–a aligned or almost aligned with vein M (Fig. B1.10). |
| c) |
Hind wing with hamuli present only apical to junction of veins R1 and C (Fig. B1.12). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 4 |
|
| 3(2). |
A) |
Distance between inner edges of lateral ocelli subequal to distance from outer edge of lateral ocellus to nearest edge of eye (Fig. B1.13). |
|
| B) |
Hind wing vein 1r–m slightly longer than vein M; vein M slightly curved (Fig. B1.15). |
| C) |
Metatarsomere 1 scarcely compressed laterally and lateral surface not twisted when seen in dorsal view (as in Fig. B1.17). |
| D) |
Female: cercus broad at base of cornus (Fig. B1.19). |
| E) |
Female: tergum 9 with median basin more than 1.5 times as wide as long and medial length about 0.5 as long as cornus (Fig. B1.21). |
| |
|
Siricosoma Forsius, 1933 |
| |
|
[Note. Only one species, Siricosoma tremecoides Forsius, from the Malay Peninsula.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Distance between inner edges of lateral ocelli more than 1.5 times as long as distance from outer edge of lateral ocellus to nearest edge of eye (Fig. B1.14). |
|
| b) |
Hind wing vein 1r–m clearly shorter than vein M; vein M markedly curved (Fig. B1.16). |
| c) |
Metatarsomere 1 greatly compressed laterally and lateral surface twisted when seen in dorsal view (Fig. B1.18). |
| d) |
Female: cercus very small at base of cornus (Fig. B1.20). |
| e) |
Female: tergum 9 with medial basin about as wide as long and medial length about 2.0 times as long as cornus (Fig. B1.22). |
| |
|
Teredon Norton, 1869 |
| |
|
[Note. Only known species, Teredon cubensis (Cresson) from Cuba] |
|
|
| 4(2). |
A) |
Antenna with 11-19 flagellomeres (Fig. B1.23). |
|
| B) |
Fore wing cell 2R1 about 0.5 times as long as cell 3R1; vein 2r-rs joining stigma near middle; stigma gradually attenuated even after junction with vein 2r-rs (Fig. B1.25). |
| C) |
Male (only E. formosanus studied): antenna as long as length of fore wing costal cell and stigma combined (Fig. B1.27). |
| D) |
Female: tergum 9 with disc of medial basin very convex and lightly to densely pitted (Fig. B1.29). |
| E) |
Female: cercus present and thumb–like (Fig. B1.31). |
| |
|
Eriotremex Benson, 1943 |
| |
|
[Note. Twelve species restricted to the Oriental region and Papua New Guinea. One species, Eriotremex formosanus, accidentally introduced into southeastern United States.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Antenna almost always with fewer than 14 flagellomeres (Fig. B1.24). |
|
| b) |
Fore wing cell 2R1 at least 0.63 times as long as cell 3R1; vein 2r-rs joining stigma in apical 0.2–0.33; stigma before junction with vein 2r-rs parallel and beyond junction abruptly attenuated (Fig. B1.26). |
| c) |
Male: antenna at most as long as length of fore wing costal cell (Fig. B1.28). |
| d) |
Female: tergum 9 with disc of medial basin at most slightly convex, but usually flat to concave, and most of surface not pitted (Fig. B1.30). |
| e) |
Female: cercus absent (Fig. B1.32). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 5 |
|
| 5(4). |
A) |
Flagellomere 1 about 0.5 as long as flagellomere 2 (Fig. B1.33). |
|
| B) |
Fore wing cell 2R1 at most 0.7 times as long as cell 3R1 (Fig. B1.35). |
| C) |
Head with setae (exclusive of those on occiput) enlarged at apex, club–like (Fig. B1.37). |
| D) |
Frons with pits separated by 1-2 pit diameters (surface quite bright because surface between pits smooth) (Fig. B1.39). |
| |
|
Afrotremex Pasteels, 1951 |
| |
|
[Note. Two species known A. hyalinatus (Mocsáry) and A. violaceus Pasteels. Both only recorded from sub–Saharan Africa.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Flagellomere 1 at least 0.7 times as long as flagellomere 2 (Fig. B1.34). |
|
| b) |
Fore wing cell 2R1 at least 0.85 times as long as cell 3R1 (cell 2R1 is commonly subequal or clearly longer than length of 3R1) (Fig. B1.36). |
| c) |
Head with setae gradually tapering sharply at apex (Fig. B1.38). |
| d) |
Frons with pits dense and generally in contact with each other (Fig. B1.40). |
| |
|
Tremex Jurine, 1807 |
| |
|
[Note. Thirty three species known. Almost all species restricted to Palaearctic region except for one, Tremex columba Linnaeus, in North America. One species, T. fuscicornis (Fabricius), introduced into the Western Hemisphere.] |
|
|
| 6(1). |
A) |
Gena behind eye with short ridge (Fig. B1.41). |
|
| B) |
Hind wing without cell 1A (Fig. B1.43). |
| C) |
Metatibia with one apical spur (Fig. B1.45). |
| D) |
Female: apical section of sheath without teeth in apical third of dorsal margin (Fig. B1.47). |
| |
|
Xeris A. Costa, 1894 |
| |
|
[Note. Ten species known. Three species in Palaearctic region and seven in New World.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Gena behind eye without ridge (Fig. B1.42). |
|
| b) |
Hind wing with cell 1A (Fig. B1.44). |
| c) |
Metatibia with two apical spurs (Fig. B1.46). |
| d) |
Female: apical section of sheath with teeth in apical third of dorsal margin (except in a few species of Urocerus in Asia) (Fig. B1.48). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 7 |
|
| 7(6). |
A) |
Fore wing broadly rounded at apex (Fig. B1.49). |
|
| B) |
Fore wing with cell 1Rs2 short (2r–m and 3r–m slightly longer than veins Rs2 and M above and below) (Fig. B1.51). |
| C) |
Fore wing with cell 3R1 short (2.2 times as wide as long) (Fig. B1.53). |
| D) |
Flagellum with 10-11 flagellomeres, and middle flagellomeres about 1.5 times as long as high in lateral view (Fig. B1.55). |
| |
|
Sirotremex Smith, 1988 |
| |
|
[Note.One species, Sirotremex flammeus Smith, from Mexico. Only males known.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Fore wing angularly rounded at apex (Fig. B1.50). |
|
| b) |
Fore wing with cell 1Rs2 long (2r–m and 3r–m slightly or very clearly shorter than veins Rs2 and M above and below) (Fig. B1.52). |
| c) |
Fore wing with cell 3R1 long (3.0-6.0 times as wide as long) (Fig. B1.54). |
| d) |
Flagellum with 12 or more flagellomeres, and middle flagellomeres at least 2.0 times as long as high in lateral view (Figs. B1.56 & B1.57). |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 8 |
|
| 8(7). |
A) |
Dark sections of body with dark blue or green metallic reflections (Figs. B1.58 & B1.60). |
|
| B) |
Head entirely black with dark blue or green metallic reflections (Fig. B1.62), at most with dark brown on gena behind eye (Fig. B1.63). |
| C) |
Fore wing with vein Cu1 complete or almost so (Fig. B1.66). |
| |
|
Sirex Linnaeus, 1761 |
| |
|
[Note. Twenty eight species known. Almost equally divided between the Palaearctic (15 species) and Nearctic (14 species) regions. One species, S. noctilio, introduced into temperate South America, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Dark sections of body without dark blue or green metallic reflections (Figs. B1.59 & B1.61). |
|
| b) |
Head variably colored, but with at least a pale spot (white, light reddish brown or reddish brown) on gena behind eye in upper half (Figs. B1.64 & B1.65). |
| c) |
Fore wing without vein Cu1 at most with a stump or very rarely complete on one wing only (Fig. B1.67). |
| |
[Additional character. Female: cornus long and constricted in almost all species; rarely small and not constricted as in S. longicauda.] |
| |
|
. . . . . . . . 9 |
|
| 9(8). |
A) |
Gena densely pitted (Fig. B1.68). |
|
| B) |
Fore wing vein 2r–m displaced apically and joined to cell 3M (Fig. B1.70). |
| C) |
Pronotum with vertical surface mainly smooth, with pits medially and along dorsal margin (Fig. B1.72). |
| D) |
Female: tergum 9 with median basin about as wide as long, and with short and slightly divergent ridge edges at base; cornus narrow (Fig. B1.74). |
| |
|
Xoanon Semenov, 1921 |
| |
|
[Note. Two species recorded from China, eastern Russia and Japan.] |
|
| – |
a) |
Gena with almost no pits (Fig. B1.69). |
|
| b) |
Fore wing vein 2r–m more basal and joined to cell 2M (Fig. B1.71). |
| c) |
Pronotum with vertical surface almost completely pitted (Fig. B1.73). |
| d) |
Female: tergum 9 with median basin about 2.0 times as wide as long, and with long and very divergent ridge edges; cornus wide (Fig. B1.75). |
| |
|
Urocerus Geoffroy, 1785 |
| |
|
[Note. Thirty three known species. Most (28 species) restricted to Palaearctic region and few (7) in New World. Two of the New World species, Urocerus gigas and U. sah, introduced.] |
|
